POLG Gene
The POLG gene codes for the catalytic subunit of DNA Polymerase in the mitochondria called DNA polymerase gamma.
Gene Ontology (GO)
Gene Ontology (GO) provides a vocabulary of defined terms that define our gene product properties.
GO ontology is where each term has defined relationships to one or more other terms in the same domain, and also sometimes to other domains. The GO vocabulary is designed to be used among all species and not specific to any one species, and includes terms applicable to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and single and multicellular organisms. We can break down the components of gene ontology into 3 groups:
GO ontology is where each term has defined relationships to one or more other terms in the same domain, and also sometimes to other domains. The GO vocabulary is designed to be used among all species and not specific to any one species, and includes terms applicable to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and single and multicellular organisms. We can break down the components of gene ontology into 3 groups:
- Molecular Function- includes things that the product of the gene does at a molecular level
- Cellular Components - includes things that make up a cell
- Biological Processes- includes things that are processes in the cell that are necessary such as digestion of food into energy
Family: DNA Polymerase
POLG Molecular Function
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POLG Cellular Components
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Biological Processes
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Analysis
POLG has shown to be consistent and very specialized in cells. We can see that from the GO that this gene is very specific to DNA replication. The binding activities such as chromatin binding and nucleic acid binding are all related with DNA replication and in this case mitochondrial DNA replication (mtDNA). The gene localizes in the Mitochondrial nucleoid and functions with the DNA polymerase gamma complex which is used to replicate mtDNA. We also notice how base excision repair and gap filling are noted in the biological processes which explains how the DNA polymerase gamma is able to proofread during mtDNA replication. It is interesting to see how aging is a biological process related to POLG function but it does make sense that the mitochondria's ability to produce energy and replicate DNA correctly could relate to the aging process. These GO terms definitely can explain how some of the symptoms in Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome could occur, when we see how these GO terms could affect the cell, and the mitochondria in particular, we can understand how the body will react.
Gene Interactions
Gene Homologs
Human (Homo Sapien)-Homo sapiens polymerase (DNA directed gamma (POLG), transcript variant 2, mRNA
Ascension Number: NM_001126131
Chromosome location: 15q24
FASTA
Mouse (Mus musculus)-polymerase (DNA directed), gamma (POLG), mRNA
Ascension Number: NM_017462
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 87
Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), mRNA
Ascension Number: XM_004056737
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 87
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), mRNA
Ascension Number:XM_005618353
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 89
Bonobo (Pan paniscus)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), transcript variant X2, mRNA
Ascension Number:XM_003820420
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 99
African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), transcript variant X2, mRNA
Ascension Number:XM_010593834
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 90
Ascension Number: NM_001126131
Chromosome location: 15q24
FASTA
Mouse (Mus musculus)-polymerase (DNA directed), gamma (POLG), mRNA
Ascension Number: NM_017462
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 87
Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), mRNA
Ascension Number: XM_004056737
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 87
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), mRNA
Ascension Number:XM_005618353
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 89
Bonobo (Pan paniscus)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), transcript variant X2, mRNA
Ascension Number:XM_003820420
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 99
African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)-(DNA directed), gamma (POLG), transcript variant X2, mRNA
Ascension Number:XM_010593834
FASTA
E Value: 0.0
Identification (%): 90
References
- "DNA Polymerase Subunit Gamma-2, Mitochondrial." AmiGO 2: Gene Product Details for UniProtKB:J3KRM2. AmiGO, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
- "Documentation of GO." Documentation. Gene Ontology Consortium, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
- "QuickGO." POLG Toxocara Canis A0A0B2VQQ3. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
- "QuickGO." POLG Homo Sapiens P54098. EMBL EBI, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
- DNA-directed DNA-polymerase, Family A, Mitochondria (IPR002297). InterPro, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
- "POLG Gene." Genetics Home Reference. US National Library of Medicine, June 2011. Mon. 23 Mar. 2015.